Effects of food on the brain

Impacts of food on the mind Theoretical All through the world, it is a typical information on the hugeness of a solid eating routine. In addition to the fact that it effects self-perception and physical wellbeing, yet emotional well-being also. Supplements, for example, omega-3 unsaturated fats, docosahexaenoic corrosive, and choline increment synaptic pliancy. So as to show that solid nourishments are better for the psyche, this examination gathered subjective information on cerebrum work in the wake of accepting sound food and unfortunate food. The motivation behind this investigation was to discover do solid nourishments increment mind action? It is estimated that if mice are given sound and undesirable dinners, and taught to run a labyrinth, the mice given the solid suppers will finish the labyrinth at a quicker rate. The invalid speculation is that there will be no distinction between mice given sound and unfortunate suppers. This, thus, advances the making of new layers, which permit new recollections to be shaped. W hen playing out this investigation, mice were told to run a labyrinth and the hours of fulfillment were recorded. Contingent upon the gathering they were put in, they were given either a solid or unfortunate supper taught to run the labyrinth again. Once more, the hours of fulfillment were recorded. In the wake of finishing the examination, information assortment demonstrated that the mice in the gathering getting solid food had a more prominent change in time from the race without food to the race with food. To protect that there were no uncalled for focal points, healthy benefits, for example, sugars and proteins. Exploration Problem Nourishments high in omega-3, for example, pecans, kiwi, and salmon, bolster the versatility of the neural connections inside the mind (Good eating routine, 2008). Nervous system specialist Fernando Gã ³mez-Pinilla indicated that a solid eating regimen couldn't just increment mental capacity, however secure against maturing and harm to the cerebrum (Wolpert, 2008). Writing Review Omega-3 Studies show that omega-3 unsaturated fats are pivotal to cerebrum wellbeing (Wolpert, 2008). Brain research Professor Gã ³mez-Pinilla found that nourishments wealthy in omega-3, for example, flaxseed, pecans, kiwi, and salmon, guide in the creation of the synapse films that nerve signals go through. As people learn and make new recollections, new films must be created so as to hold that data. Pinilla, a teacher of neurosurgery and physiological science, explored the possibility that there are outside elements that influence cerebrum action. His investigation offers route to the inquiry, Do sound nourishments increment mind action? Past analysts demonstrated that elements, for example, diet, exercise, and rest examples can perceptibly hinder the capacity of the psyche (Wolpert, 2008). To help this hypothesis, around 200 understudies were utilized as guineas pigs in an exploration study. Taking everything into account, scientists expressed, Several gut hormones that can enter the min d, or that are created in the cerebrum itself, impact psychological capacity (Gã ³mez-Pinilla, 2008). Analysts point by point how nourishments, for example, salmon contain supplements helpful to the cerebrum. One of the supplements found in salmon is omega-3. Omega-3 unsaturated fats bolster synaptic pliancy and appear to emphatically influence the declaration of a few atoms identified with learning and memory that are found on neurotransmitters, Gã ³mez-Pinilla said. Omega-3 unsaturated fats are fundamental for typical cerebrum work. Gã ³mez-Pinilla led an examination in Indonesia and Australia in which he gave a savor high supplements to kids. In the wake of getting the beverage, the youngsters were given execution tests concentrated on verbal aptitudes and memory. The childrens test scores improved enormously subsequent to devouring the beverage (Wolpert, 2008). Another investigation, performed by Oxford University understudies, thought about two gatherings of understudies on math and spelling tests. One gathering of understudies got omega-3 and the other gathering got a fake treatment (Henry, 2002). The understudies accepting the fake treatment had definitely lower test scores. Docosahexaenoic corrosive Docosahexaenoic corrosive, DHA, is another supplement gainful to the to the psyche. Docosahexaenoic corrosive is appeared to lessen oxidative pressure and advance synaptic versatility by forestalling the foundation of free radicals. Thusly, learning and memory are likewise improved. Oxidative pressure can make harm cell proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Berries have been seen to check oxidative pressure and have been appeared to improve coordination and memory too (Henry, 2005). Synaptic Plasticity Synaptic versatility is the term utilized for the capacity for change during neurotransmitters. This implies the response of the neurotransmitters to the arrival of synapses isn't consistent. The response can be more grounded or more vulnerable and the hour of the response may fluctuate. The quality of the response gets more noteworthy or more fragile because of the response of receptors to their boosts. As the time allotment the receptor to upgrades response happens or the measure of receptors present changes the synaptic quality varies. The expansion of synaptic quality that endures is alluded to as long haul potentiation. Long haul potentiation is known to assume a job in neuron correspondence, which thusly assumes a job in the production of new recollections. Inverse long haul potentiation is long haul sadness. Long haul misery is the expression used to depict an enduring shortcoming in synaptic quality. Low recurrence upgrades make long haul gloom, while long haul potentiation i s brought about by high recurrence improvements. To learn new things and make new recollections the neurons inside the cerebrum must impart in various manners. This additionally is synaptic versatility. Neurons in the perirhinial cortex react to things we see and afterward tell the cerebrum on the off chance that it is different to us or in the event that we have seen it previously. The more prominent the reaction of the neurons, the less we perceive whatever we are seeing. As we keep on observing that object, the neuron reaction diminishes. This is the manner by which recollections are prepared. Omega-3 and Synaptic Plasticity Omega-3 unsaturated fat can go about as an inhibitor for the action of protein kinase C in cells. The in vitro exercises of protein kinase C was hindered by omega-3 just as the mitogen-actuated protein kinase. This suggests the twofold bond in omega-3 is neccesary for quality hindrances. Omega-3 could forestall serotonin receptor-instigated mitogen-enacted protein kinase initiation in hippocampal cut arrangements. In hippocampal long haul potentiation, omega-3 appeared to hindered its power, without repressing basal synaptic transmission. Fats and Calories Many accept that all fats are awful, and ought to be kept away from. Examination expressed that a considerable lot of the nourishments with an awful notoriety really can be useful when eaten accurately. Marano shows that supplements in various structures can cause various outcomes in the body. The correct food can upgrade mental capacities help you concentrate, tune sensorimotor abilities, keep you inspired, amplify memory, speed response times, defuse pressure, maybe even forestall cerebrum maturing, (Marano, 2007). Fats have been appeared to profit the brain, however can be inconvenient to it also. Omega-3 unsaturated fats make up the synapses that the nerve signals must go through. The human eating regimen must be wealthy in omega-3 in order to keep on delivering cell layers. Numerous dietitians and nutritionists advance the utilization of oils such corn, safflower and sunflower. These are better for the heart, yet not all that great for the psyche. Rather than being wealthy in omega-3, they are wealthy in omega-6. Canola oils and pecan oils are better for the cerebrum utilization. Choline has been appeared to expand memory and response time. Sugar is known to keep the psyche sharp, however the perfect sum is yet to be found. Starches are known to alleviate the brain (Marano, 2007). An excess of calories neutralize omega-3 by lessening the adaptability of neurotransmitters. Trans fats and immersed fats have been concentrated to have a comparable effect. Managing calorie utilization can help the cerebrum by blocking expected harm to imperative cells, proteins, and synthetic compounds (Wolpert, 2008). Weight In an examination, insights were determined concerning the connection among weight and cerebrum work (Volkow, Wang, Telang, Fowler, Goldstein, Alia-Klein, Logan, Wong, Thanos, Ma, Pradhan, 2008). Cerebrum digestion during intellectual incitement was estimated to decide if weight file (BMI) influenced mind glucose use during subjective execution. Verbal memory was tried also. Twenty understudies took part in the examination. They estimated the relationship among BMI and territorial mind glucose digestion in sound people at benchmark and during intellectual incitement. Gauge provincial cerebrum metabolic measures have been demonstrated to be a delicate marker of mind work/brokenness that is related with neurocognitive execution. These outcomes identify with my exploration in that it subtleties how food consumption identifies with mind work. In weight, both preclinical and clinical investigations have reported disabilities in mind DHA movement. Perceptions in large subjects have reveale d a converse connection among BMI and D2 receptors (Haltia,m Viljanen, Parkkola, Kemppainen, Rinne, Nuutila, Kaasinen, 2007). They found that BMI isn't what is negative for prefrontal action, yet that diminished prefrontal action and decreased official capacity may expand the hazard to indulge. The prefrontal cortex is engaged with controlling motivation control, self-checking, and objective coordinated practices. Reason So as to show that sound nourishments are better for the psyche, this investigation gathered subjective information on mind work in the wake of getting solid food and unfortunate food. The motivation behind this examination was to discover do sound nourishments increment cerebrum action? It is theorized that if mice are given solid and undesirable suppers, and taught to run a labyrinth, the mice given the sound dinners will finish the labyrinth at a quicker rate. The invalid theory is that there will be no distinction between mice given sound and undesirable suppers. Procedure So as to show that sound fo

Why might we consider justice to be an essentially contested concept Essay - 1

For what reason may we believe equity to be a basically challenged idea - Essay Example It is the expectation of this short examination that the peruser will go to an all the more full and complete comprehension of the manner by which cultural acknowledgment of equity has come to be characterized just as a portion of the center disadvantages to the manner by which this term impacts various people and perspectives in various manners. Right off the bat, one of the center translations that were introduced by Plato, and people when him, was that ethical goodness is eventually the conclusive part of equity. Normally, inside such a definition, two particular words remain conversely with each other (Plant, 2011). First of these is â€Å"moral† and the subsequent one is â€Å"virtue†. Lamentably, these two are not fundamentally unrelated and essentially include praises of each other as their very own component definition; loaning the peruser to understand that a circumstance of philosophical examination is fairly corrupted by this reality (Rawls, 2011). Further IDs and definitions were predicated upon the basic or implied/intrinsic idea of equity and the conviction that it was given by God/god/divine beings. In spite of the fact that this translation was valuable in helping people to comprehend the common rights and ideas of equity that assisted with characterizing a given political framework, these additi onally missed the mark because of the way that they utilized a comprehension â€Å"justice† that was predicated upon a specific conviction framework or religion. Normally, this was likewise in a general sense imperfect as it advanced one specific arrangement of beliefs and understandings over a reiteration of others (Ryan, 2009). A further issue that exists is the way that regardless of whether it is comprehended as far as a widespread utilization of decency and equity under the law, it will constantly put a specific perspective, ethnicity, or culture as a gauge for the manner by which this idea ought to be characterized and controlled. Investigating the present show of the equity framework in the greater part of the created

How Heavy Alcohol Use Damages Memory Function

How Heavy Alcohol Use Damages Memory Function Addiction Alcohol Use Print How Heavy Alcohol Use Can Damage Memory Function By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on July 11, 2019 Daniel Lai/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Research shows that heavy alcohol use can damage  short- and long-term memory and affect brain structure. There may be ways to lessen alcohols effects on memory by reducing the amount of alcohol consumed and by using memory techniques to overcome memory loss issues. The Two Types of Memory There are two types of memory, retrospective (long-term)  memory and perspective  or working (short-term) memory. Retrospective memory is remembering all events and episodes that have happened in our lifetime. Prospective memory is day-to-day memory function, specifically,  remembering to complete daily activities. Alcohol tends to affect prospective, day-to-day memory more often.?? More About Prospective Memory Anyone can forget things from time to time, however, people who consume heavy amounts of alcohol have a tendency to make more memory mistakes than those who do not drink at all or those who do not drink on a regular basis.  These mistakes can include recalling whether they had completed a task, such as locking the car or switching off the stove or forgetting where they put things. Other examples of impairment of day-to-day memory can include: Forgetting to send your daughter her birthday card on timeForgetting what youre about to say in the middle of a sentenceTelling a friend a story you have already told themForgetting where regularly used household items are kept Amount of Alcohol and Effect on Memory According to a study published in Alcoholism: Clinical Experiment Research, researchers looked at the amount of alcohol consumed and its effect on day-to-day memory function. The research showed a typically heavier drinker reported more than 30% more memory-related issues than someone who reportedly did not drink, and almost 25% more issues than those who stated they drank only small amounts of alcohol. More specifically, those in the study who reported higher levels of alcohol consumption were more likely to miss appointments, forget birthdays, or pay bills on time. Even in cases where those in the study stayed within a healthy drinking limit, researchers found a significant increase in memory loss issues. Why Does Alcohol Causes Memory Loss? Alcohol hinders the ability of the brain to transfer information from short-term memory to long-term storage. It is like a delivery truck on a route that gets sidetracked and never makes it to its destination. The delivery never made it; a person simply cannot remember things. These effects are most noticeable when a person is intoxicated. People who drink heavily on a regular basis can damage a brain structure called the hippocampus. It is critical to memory and learning, and heavy drinking can cause the hippocampus to shrink and cause changes to neurons, which reduces the size of brain cells. One brain chemical particularly susceptible to even small amounts of alcohol is called glutamate. Among other things, glutamate affects memory and may be what causes some people to temporarily blackout,” or forget much of what happened during a night of heavy drinking. Ways to Recover Memory Researchers are looking at multiple ways to help those who have experienced memory loss to recover brain function. Future event simulation (FES) is a memory technique involving strategies such as making linked and indexed lists. A study in Psychopharmacology in 2016 showed that FES helped people remember event-based tasks, but not time-based tasks.?? Other National Institutes of Health reports have shown that abstaining from alcohol over several months to a year may allow structural brain changes to partially correct. Abstinence also can help reverse negative effects on thinking skills, including problem ­solving, memory, and attention.

Impact Of Diversity On Academic Achievement Essay

Many people have come to realize that diversity has an impact on academic outcomes, and yet many people still believe that the impact of diversity is negative due to the understanding that students of different cultures tend to have generally lower scores on standardized test. What many don’t know is that diversity can have a positive impact on students’ academic achievement, rather than a negative. Exposure to diversity has a positive impact on academic achievement in many ways, through advanced student learning, cognitive performance and when properly used. There has been many studies proving that diversity can positively impact student performance. In this cross- national study done to prove that cultural diversity in the classroom will increase academic performance. This study involved 150 schools within 57 countries on a basis of 15-year-old students. 35 students were selected from each school to complete a series of test. From those results the subjects were scaled to a mean score for immigrant and native students. Studies showed that cultural diversity had a positive impact on academic performance, for both native and immigrant students. In all areas of this study, there was a positive correlation between the amount of racial diversity present and the increase in academic performance. (Konan) In a similar situation, a study was done to properly show that impact of diversity on academic outcomes. In this method, many factors were involved including contact diversity,Show MoreRelatedEssay On Curriculum Design1116 Words   |  5 Pa gesAmerica has a diverse educational system and is responsible for ensuring that curriculum is reflective of this diversity. 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Building a learning and caring community in the classroom. 3. How to educate students on their ethnic background and where they come from. 4. Ethnic diversity in the curriculum. According to Geneva Gay (2000), â€Å"Culturally responsive teaching is defined as using the cultural characteristics, experiences, and perspectivesRead MoreThe Problem Of African American Educational Achievement951 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican educational achievement. Measures of academic achievement in education show that African Americans are trailing their White counterparts, especially in higher education (Aronson, 2002). Numerous factors that affect academic achievement, affordability, financial aid, support of family. African American students are frequently stereotyped and spend a great deal of time establishing their academic credibility and rapport in the classroom. The challenges encountered in academic and social life onRead MoreCulture Is Central For Learning1500 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom all cultures. 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This paper will address the extent to which socioeconomic factors influence learning outcomes, and why low socioeconomic backgrounds have an impact. It will then go on to investigate socioeconomic status’s relationshipRead MoreStandardized Testing And High School Education888 Words   |  4 Pageseducation that they have become the most important tool that is used by school boards and colleges to determine a student’s achievements, but how accurate and reliable are these tests at showing all of these achievements? The answer? Not very accurate. Standardized testing, at both the elementary and secondary scchool levels, are not effective at accurately showing a student’s achievements. Standardized testing was originally introduced in China and were initially meant to help fill government jobs, fastRead MoreSingle sex schools or Coed schools1395 Words   |  6 Pagessimilar impact on juvenile’s achievement as coeducational schools. This essay will explain why I disagree with this statement. In my perspective, although these education systems both have advantage elements for students, I still believe coed schools better than single-sex schools. This essay will analyze some elements of advantages and disadvantages among single sex and coeducation schools. Moreover, I will discuss some characters between boys and girls, such as boys’ and girls’ academic achievementRead MoreReflection Essay737 Words   |  3 PagesThe most advantageous learning I had through the process of research and in the time of this class, was when I was presented with the opportunity to teach literacy and foster diversity by becoming a mentor in a local program called Rea ding Buddies. As a mentor, I assisted elementary students who have fallen behind in mastering literacy, to help improve their skills in English writing and reading comprehension. Many of these students are those of immigrant families, who are currently facing hardships

The Portable Veblen By Elizabeth Mckenzie - 1643 Words

The book The Portable Veblen by Elizabeth McKenzie is a novel that shows how bad parenting can cause future problems in both the child and in the family’s next generations. This issue is shown through the story of Veblen and Paul, a young couple that struggle with their family relationships. This same idea has been explored by other writers as well, one of them being Alice Miller. In her book The Drama of the Gifted Child she describes how children that went through an abusive childhood deal with the trauma throughout their adult life. Alice Miller’s insights apply not only to Veblen, but also to Melanie and Paul, all in different ways. However, different from what Miller argues, I do not believe there is a single formula for recovering†¦show more content†¦They are continuing to fear and avoid dangers that, although once real, have not been real for a long time† (2). Veblen wasn’t able to realize she is not facing the situations she faced as a chi ld, and in her early thirties, is still completely repressing her emotions. As in the situation aforementioned, for example, where the mother interrupts Veblen’s moment to talk about herself and the narrator shifts the subject immediately, as if it did not affect Veblen at all. The abusive situations Veblen goes through, however, are not only due to the bad parenting from Melanie, but due to problems Melanie had with her own mother, which created the disturbing relationship presented in The Portable Veblen. This claim can be explained through Alice Miller’s insights: â€Å"Parents who did not experience this climate as a children [...] will continue to look for what their own parents could not give them [...] [and] the most efficacious objects for substitute gratification is their own children† (7). The â€Å"climate† cited by the author is making reference to a situation where the child would be in an environment where they could express their feelings. The author is then arguing that when this feeling of acceptance and love is inexistent, the child end up never achieving individuation and independency. The consequence to the situation aforementioned is that

A History of Arabian Music Free Essays

Henry G. Farmer illuminating book â€Å"A History of Arabian Music† seeks to provide readers with insight of the historical influences that shaped Arabian music and the culture that nourished and gave rise to variances and interpretations dealing with the theory of music and the practices that further consolidated and supported these theories. The book was published originally in 1929 and covers musical work over several centuries. We will write a custom essay sample on A History of Arabian Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now The book starts with the factors that helped to shaped Arabian music culture. These include political and social factors which were instrumental in shaping Arabian music theory. The book starts with a look at the â€Å"Days of Idolatry† in the 6th century (Farmer, 1929). According to Farmer, this was a time which was referred to by Muslims as â€Å"Days of ignorance† based of the fact that at that time much of the knowledge relating to Arabian civilization and the attending economical, political and cultural practices, was lost. Farmer argues that there were many musical instruments in this Islamic time, whose development were linked to Southern Arabians and these instruments include Mi’Zaf (Barbiton) and the Kus (A Large Kettledrum) (Farmer, 1929). Factors Migration of people from the southern region to Al Hijaz resulted in a melting pot of the Arts and musicians and poets flourished and shared their talents with others. Farmer also stated that the Musicians and poets in Ukaz competed fiercely for ascendency in their respective arts and this may have helped to shaped the music of the times. Farmers reports that singing girls were famous during that time and musicians gained further recognition from singing at the courts (Farmer, 1929). The author states that during the time of Idolatry, music was found in all areas of society; and pervaded, religious, public and private lives. Arabians were known to sing while at work and play and they often express joy by enagaging in music. Dispite the many musicians and singers of that time, only a few names have been preserved for modern society. Farmer states that with the advent of Islam during the time of Mohammed the Prophet and subsequent to his death, legists have been debating if music was lawful although there is no reference in the Quran as to any opposition. Farmer argue that the opposition to music may have developed by those theologians who decryed the attention being paid to music and popular musicians of the time (Farmer, 1929). Arabian music would also be influence by the Khalif, Mu’awiya who during his reign in the 7th century eventually gave recognition and a present to a musician in his court and this was in direct contrast to what were popular expressions of disapproval of musicians at the time. Yazid II (720-24) a ruler, was also said to have been instrumental in bringing back music to the courts and public life because he enjoyed the arts Farmer illuminatingly states that eventually during what he termed the â€Å"Orthodox Khalifate† there arose serious competition between the musicians of two major Arabian cities; Mecca and Al Medina and he argues that it was Mecca that gave the Arabians the musician Ibn Misjah who was stated to be the first schooled person in Arabian music. Farmer stated that Arabian music was influenced by both Greek and Persian musicians and composers and the Greek influence gained ascendancy with the work of Greek theorists such as Ptolemy, Aristoxenos and Euklid prominently taking center stage to shape Arabian music. Farmer also looks at two Khalifs who were avid supporters of music and these were Al-Amir (1101-1131) and Al-Musta’H (1094-1101). Farmer argues that the later Khalifs helped to support and shape musical development and enjoyment. In Farmers’ eyes the development and growth in appreciation of music in the Arabian culture was not without opposition and controversy. In his eyes, and based on his research, it was the Khalifs, especially those from the 8th to the 12th centuries that brought back music to public and private lives and encouraged a growing appreciation of this art form. He viewed the work of the great philosopher, Al-Ghazali, as being enormously influential pertaining to musical development and cites the Principal of the Two Nizamiyya colleges in Baghdad and Nisapur as being one who came out in defense of the music. Farmer has been able to shed light on a period in Arabian history that shows how music development evolved and developed and the forces that acted to restrain the emergence of musical theory. His book shows the triumph of those who overcame adversity and opposition to music in public and private citing religious teachings and the book ends with a look at the work and lives of those who actively sought to make music a part of daily lived of Arabians. Farmers work shows that the development of the music did not happen overnight, but was a result of centuries of struggle and erudite contemplations. No single individual can lay claim to the developing theories of music for the Arabian people and the development was due to a multitude of music lovers who defended the art and practices and eventually left a rich heritage. References Farmer, H. G. (1929). A History of Arabian Music. Luzac. How to cite A History of Arabian Music, Papers

Security Management And Migration Platformsâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Security Management And Migration Platforms? Answer: Introducation Most modern IaaS infrastructure will offer adequate security features, however, the leasing organization (like Webb) should enforce them in their own resources rather than expect the service providers to do so. Nevertheless, there are key types of security measures to implement: Data encryption its outlined as the main and most important methods of protecting data as it meticulously manages security systems including the access keys as they are thoroughly encrypted. Network encryption most cloud service providers (CSP) will empathize on the encryption of the communication channel to deter interception threats that prey on the vulnerabilities of data transportation. Access control to create accountability, Webbs Stores, must know the people accessing their critical database hosted in the IaaS resources. This accountability is enforced using access control measures that manage users activities. Finally, a security access brokers known as CASBs, these are tools that help administrators to identify and locate risks within the database thus providing a high-end level encryption (Walker, 2015). Benefits and issues of the security features Benefits: First, protection against attacks more so, denial of service attacks that intercept cloud services. Security of the data the features would protect the critical database and its data. Flexibility with good security the users do not worry about server crashes or excessive down time due to traffic congestion. Regulatory compliance these features would ensure Webbs Stores meet the regulatory requirements for financial and personal data (Walker, 2015). Issues: Data privacy most of these procedures would require the users to surrender their personal data which could infringe on their personal and privacy rights. Ambiguity in security roles challenges may arise between the CSP and the store because of the considerations of access control and data ownership. Conflict of security features some security measures may identify others as intrusion thus may regularly disable or slow the entire IaaS infrastructure (Mehtra, 2014). Risks of cloud migration Database risks Security although most CSPs will have better security features than in-house facilities, migrating an entire database to a foreign infrastructure raises the concerns of its security. Furthermore, the database will operate in a different environment where the physical accountability is non-existence on behalf of the owner (leasing party, Webbs Stores). Migration moving an entire database resource to the cloud is a daunting task that requires project-like considerations. Therefore, it requires implementation procedures that might fail. Advanced change the database will have many changes that may affect its functionalities more so, to the end users (Healy, 2015). IaaS infrastructure Security problems IaaS offers excessive control to the user who may fail to implement the necessary security features thus expose the entire structure to attacks. For one, access may be given to unknown and unverifiable parties. Control having excessive control does not necessarily guarantee complete control and thus the subscriber may lose control over the resources hosted in the cloud infrastructure. Downtime when all is said and done, the IaaS platform will require IT resources to operate more so the internet which may fail or have downtime periods. Therefore, it will subject the infrastructure to delays and downtime periods (Healy, 2015). Communication between IaaS (CSP) and Webbs Stores Data security any communication conducted between the IaaS resource and the store may be intercepted through various attack methods such as malware intrusions. Therefore, the subscriber must be aware of this risk and apply the necessary solutions. Data privacy having hosted the data online, the communication between the two parties will mostly involve the access of confidential information stored in the cloud resource. Moreover, the subscriber will regularly update this resource with confidential information which is a serious risk. Record retention the communications are subject to retention requirements which can also be used to compromise the infrastructure if they fell into the wrong hands as they may contain sensitive data including access procedures (Romes, 2013). Backup and archival of records Risks of cloud backups Backing up data Large backup window on-premise backups take shorter windows as the process is conducted using LAN speeds. In fact, the only limitation is on the tapes throughput, however, cloud backups are limited by the internet resources i.e. speeds, bandwidth, and throughput. Therefore, congestions and delays will put the backup procedures at risk particularly when faced by a time sensitive scenario. Small restoration window consequently, when faced with a disaster, the subscribing organization will require all its data at once, an outcome that will be delayed by the access factors i.e. speeds, throughput and bandwidth. Loss of data with the onsite resource (tapes) the user can backup data based on a certain framework e.g. weekly, monthly and yearly. This outcome can help retrieve certain archives based on the users needs, however, with cloud resources, backups overwrite the previous versions. Therefore, older versions of data cannot be accessed if needed (Manes, 2012). Storage of data in the cloud Access risk with on-site resources, storage is closely monitored which ensure the right personnel accesses it. However, with cloud storage, the subscribers depends on the CSP to ensure the data is secure and that the storage is only accessed by them. Storage management consider the number of subscribers supported by a single CSP. Now, due to the number of subscribers, the CSP may fail to isolate the data properly thus leak information from one subscriber to another. Moreover, misconfiguration is a notable risk that may expose the storage facilities to the public at large. System outage unlike in-house resources, a subscriber storage resource is usually subject to downtimes and outages just like any other online resource. Therefore, despite the advantages offered by cloud storage, there is always the possibility of losing access to the data. This outcome can be caused by many factors including the existence of system breaking bugs (Healy, 2015). Retrieval of data Retrieval time the critical concern as the retrieval process may be time sensitive thus delay the application of the said data. While using the cloud resource, the subscribers retrieval process is subject to the factors of accessing online resources which are quite extensive. Cybercrime several serious attacks have occurred in the recent past which outline the risk of using cloud infrastructures. Now, while retrieving data from a compromised cloud facility, the process can be tracked back to the subscriber to infect the in-house facilities. Therefore, a subscriber can deliberately grant access to intruders while having the false assumption that they are retrieving their original data (Sovetkin, 2017). How DR plan is affected by the cloud resource In general, the DR plan considered by Webbs Stores will change into a cloud DR having a virtualization approach. In this approach, the entire server which includes the operating systems, Softwares and system patches will be combined to form a single virtualised structure. Therefore, in case of a disaster, the entire copy including the data lost will be required in a matter of minutes if the single virtual structure is physically acquired from the CSP. This outcome will drastically affect the companys DR plan as it will use fewer resources while meeting the same objectives. Moreover, the virtualization tools and resources will be independent of the hardware resources. Therefore, the software resources such as OS, applications and patches will be transferred from one data centre to another without reloading each and every operational component. Again, this outcome will reduce the overall recovery time used to restore resources in case of disasters. In all, with cloud resources, Webbs backup and restoration strategy will become more cost effective while having a better recovery time. These outcomes will be facilitated by the benefits outlined above and also by the ability to tune the performance of the cloud resources based on the immediate needs (tech, 2017). Cloud access protection IaaS infrastructure AAA strategy IaaS offers excessive control to the user which means there are a lot of resources disposed to the subscriber. The AAA strategy would require the authentication, authorization and accountability of resources. This can be done using verifiable all-inclusive tools available in the market including some that are provided by CSPs. Resource management the organization should monitor all the resources exchanged between them and the CSP in order to verify the security of the IaaS structure. In essence, the resource should not alter in operation (Mehtra, 2014). Ms SQL cloud server instance SQL authentication when the logical server is created for the SQL instance, specific access resources are given including username and passwords. Now, these resources should me made using the best security procedures, for instance, they should be unique having strong and undetectable characters. Firewall this security feature will manage the access given to the cloud instance. This process will be conducted using the access information presented by the users more so, the IP addresses (Microsoft, 2017). Cloud network structure Network management intrusion detection systems should be used to monitor the services offered by the cloud infrastructure. These systems would alert the administration of any access problems/threats thus help mitigate them before they cause any substantial damage. Firewalls similar to the cloud instance, the network structure should only be accessed by verifiable members. This consideration would be made using the firewalls which would also manage the data streams based on a verifiable checklist (Microsoft, 2017). Cloud back-up and restoration structure CASB backup and restoration procedures will involve two different systems and in this case, two different parties will be used. Now, the CASB as outlined before will offer end to end access protection based on the user's considerations. Furthermore, this platform will offer endpoint protection using proxies and verifiable APIs. Encryption also known as tokenization, encryption would ensure that the backup procedures are conducted safely despite that nature of the channels used. Cloud resources will operate within the online platform where security is never guaranteed. Therefore, by tokenizing the backup and restoration data, the integrity and authenticity of the resources are maintained more so after the occurrence of a disaster (Symantec, 2017). References Healy, R. (2015). The Top 5 Risks of Moving to the Cloud. Retrieved 09 September, 2017, from: https://www.annese.com/blog/top-5-risks-of-moving-to-the-cloud. Manes, C. (2012). What are the risks of backing up your business data in the cloud? Disaster recover journal , Retrieved 09 September, 2017, from: https://www.drj.com/articles/online-exclusive/what-are-the-risks-of-backing-up-your-business-data-in-the-cloud.html. Mehtra, H. (2014). Issues and Standards in Cloud Security. Retrieved 09 September, 2017, from: https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse571-14/ftp/cloud_security/index.html. Microsoft. (2017). Azure SQL Database access control. Microsoft Azure, Retrieved 09 September, 2017, from: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-control-access. Romes, R. (2013). The Benefits and Risks of Cloud Computing. Cla connect, Retrieved 09 September, 2017, from: https://www.claconnect.com/resources/articles/the-benefits-and-risks-of-cloud-computing. Sovetkin, M. (2017). IaaS Security: Threats and Protection Methodologies. eSecurity planet, Retrieved 09 September, 2017, from: https://www.esecurityplanet.com/network-security/iaas-security-threats-and-protection-methodologies.html. Symantec. (2017). Symantec Cloud Data Protection Security. Symantec, Retrieved 09 September, 2017, from: https://www.symantec.com/products/cloud-data-protection-security. tech, O. (2017). Benefits of Disaster Recovery in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 09 September, 2017, from: https://www.onlinetech.com/resources/references/benefits-of-disaster-recovery-in-cloud-computing. Walker, S. (2015). 5 Benefits of a Cloud Computing Security Solution. TBCONSULTING, Retrieved 09, September, 2017, from: https://www.tbconsulting.com/blog/5-benefits-of-a-cloud-computing-security-solution/.

How to write an outstanding author BIO with

How to write an outstanding author BIO with WritingEssayEast As it reveals to the majority of writers and authors writing a great novel or a story is only half the work. There should be made a lot of works on improvements and editing, moreover, you definitely need to craft a great biography. Why is it important? It is wrong to be concentrated only on your work. Every detail is important and even your biography should be focused on your readers. With every your word and phrase, you need to provoke the interest of your readers and thrill them with your stories. Do you have a feeling that your life path does not distinguish with any interesting invents? Find some useful tips that will help you to overcome troubles when working over your biography. Keep your story short We know that you are a pro in writing and you can write a lot of interesting facts and stories of your life. However, it is better to limit with one or two such descriptions and do not bore your readers. Your biography should be a brief summary of the main milestones of your life. If you really feel a desire to share numerous recollections with you readers, keep them for memoirs. Write in the third person Such an approach is used by numerous writers and it reveals to be an effective mean of writing a biography. When you write in the third person, you feel more confident and can tell about your achievements and gains in less constraint way. At first, it may seem strange for you to tell about your own life in the third person, however, you should definitely try. Mention some of your achievements We are sure that you have a lot of information to share with your readers. You definitely have a lot of achievements and gains. However, it will be inappropriate to list them all in your biography. To strike the balance between the self-admiration and shyness, opt for several of your achievements that seem to you important and relevant in regard to your activities. Provide information on education and professional experience You can experiment with style and narrative manner, but when we speak about biography its core points still consists of your educational and professional background. To tell this information in a more interesting and vivid way, you can add some interesting facts and analysis made by each stage of your life for your development as a writer and book author. It is up to you to choose your own approach but it is interesting for readers to find out what made you opt for genre and books you specialize in. Thus, if you write detective stories, you can write about the possible experience of work in the police, etc. Do not mix your biography with description of previous books For sure, your previous books are part of your biography. They are the works that mean a lot for you and can make you talk for hours. You can devote some part of your biography for your previous books, but it should be a brief overview. First of all, few people are interested in long descriptions and critical analysis of books; moreover, it is already not a biographical overview. Secondly, your readers may have a desire to read your previous books on their own, so do not spoil this activity for them. Make several versions Writing and editing work is already familiar for you. Thus, you will agree that there are dozens of ways to write your biography and you need to try at least several of them. Create several versions of your life path; try to state the same facts using different approaches and narrative manner. As you already know, sometimes you need to create dozens of drafts until you make a masterpiece. The same method works with writing biography, word by word you will reach the desired outcome. Moreover, sometimes different versions of your biography become not just a way to refine your work, but an inevitable necessity. Thus, the message and focal point of your biography may differ when you appeal to readers or for example, publishing agency. Use your own style and be sincere Your readers and admirers choose you for your peculiar style. Tell the story of your life using this style and preserve your uniqueness. This is only you who can tell your biography in the most interesting and thrilling way. Just look the things from another angle and be sincere with your readers.

Content Archetypes.

Content Archetypes. Content ArchetypesofCustomer Interface ArchetypesOctober, 2002Table of ContentExecutive Summary i1Introduction -111.1Purpose - 11.2Method - 11.3Limitation 12Content Archetypes -2 - 422.1Offering Dominant - 2 -32.2Information Dominant 42.3Market Dominant - 43Importance Attributes of Superstore 5-633.1Uniqueness 53.2Strength 63.3Limitation 63.4Improvement 64. Information Dominant - Washingtonpost.com -7-844.1Dimension of Washingtonpost.com Content - 7-8(i) Offering Mix 7(ii) Appeal Mix - 7-8(iii) Multimedia Mix 8(iv) Content Type - 85 Evidence to Fit Information-Dominant 9-1155.1Evaluations and Comparisons 9-105.2Success Story of Washingtonpost.com 10-116Conclusion 127References 138Appendix 14iExecutive SummaryThe purpose of this report is to determine the differences between each of the content archetypes and to gain more knowledge about the dimension of its content.The original Stop and Shop logo used until 2008.There are five content archetypes: Superstore, Category Kil ler, Specialty Store (offering-dominant), information dominant and the market dominant.A superstore is a one-stop shop where the customer can find a wide range of goods in multiple product categories. The site is commonly organized by product categories and subcategory.The dimension of content consists of offering mix, appeal mix, multimedia mix and content type. Most of the websites consists of these 4 dimensions to make the content more attractive and to achieve their e-business.11 Introduction1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this report is to determine the differences between each of the content archetypes and to gain more knowledge about the dimension of its content.1.2 MethodIn order to complete this report, accessing the website has to...

The amazing adventures of kavalier and clay Essay

The amazing adventures of kavalier and clay - Essay Example With these ideas, they come up with a symbol of the two- The Escapist. This paper will look into the unfolding in the book giving a clear understanding of the same. The Escapist is the alter ego of Joe and Sam in several ways. Joe is a trained escapist. As such, he is able to escape most of the challenging things he faces just like the Escapist. He manages to escape the reign of the Nazis in Prague. He even uses his artistic creativity put the experience on paper. There are instances were he also escapes. The happy relationship he had with Rosa, for instance. He also escapes the carbon monoxide poisoning, madness, his family, as well as, Sammy. Joe is a real-life escapist in the novel. Sammy escapes from reality through daydreaming. He manages to escape from having to travel with his father. Another instance where Sammy’s escapism is manifested is when he escapes from providing for his family; mother and grandmother. However, his escapist nature is brought out more clearly when he escapes from the reality of his being homophobic. When he is publicly said to be a homosexual, he is relieved. The alter ego is crucial for the Escapist. This other self revealed in the escapist gives a leeway for the escapist to avoid some situations that are challenging. Realism is heightened with the escapist roaming the world to rescue those chained by despotism. An insight of the lives of Joe and Sammy is brought out. Escapism and their alter egos play vital roles in bringing out the stories of their lives. The feelings of these characters are brought out in many instances. Feelings of guilt on exuberant living are felt by Sammy. His sexual orientation is also brought out revealing some of the intimate issues affecting the characters. Love and happiness is also explored within the escapism theme. Both Joe and Sammy find love in Rosa and Tracy. Joe leaves Rosa after he fails to protect his brother. He considers himself a failure thus the

Central bank interventions and foreign exchange rate volatility 01291 Essay

Central bank interventions and foreign exchange rate volatility 01291 - Essay Example Some researchers are on the opinion that such intervention policies are ineffective and may lead to increase the degree of foreign exchange volatility whereas other academic intellectuals sighted that central bank volatility can become the potential reason behind reducing exchange rate volatility. Another consensus views central bank intervention as ineffective and a waste of taxpayers’ money. In this paper the effect of central bank intervention, exchange rate regimes and currency risk hedging decisions will be analysed in order to evaluate whether the central bank intervention impacts positively on the level of volatility of foreign exchange rate or not. Central bank intervention has always been a controversial policy among all researchers across world. According to a report from Wall Street Journal, central bank intervention is not only futile to manage exchange rate but also perilous as it may increase volatility of exchange rate. However, it is also evident that in some cases such intervention has a positive or limited effect of such volatility as well (Suranovic, 2004). During the period of Bretton Woods Exchange Rate System, central bank intervention had become necessary each time the exchange rates surpasses their parity bands. In 1973, after the dissolution of this exchange rate system, the intervention policy became country specific. In 1977, International Monetary Fund (IMF) formulated three distinct guidelines for its member countries to bring uniformity in the intervention practices. First, countries were not authorized to manipulate exchange rate for adjusting their Balance of Payment (BOP) or for gaining any discriminat ory competitive advantages. Secondly, countries were legitimated to intervene only for countering the disorderly market conditions and finally, countries were directed to always take into account the exchange rate interests of other

The Emergence Of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Information Technology Essay

The Emergence Of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Information Technology Essay Many organizations have initiated Enterprise Resource Planning systems, using such packages as SAP, Peoplesoft and Oracle. The ERP market is one of the fastest growing in the software industry. In a research conducted by APICS, 34.5% of the companies with revenues over $1 billion planned to purchase or upgrade in ERP system. This research is relevant to indicate that the ERP market may reach $ 1 trillion by the year 2010 (Umble et al., 2005). Enterprise resource planning systems are a major investment. Companies have invested hundreds of millions of dollars in ERP software. Its implementation promotes a variety of business justifications which include replacement of numerous legacy systems, reduction in cycle time from order to delivery, and reduction in operating costs. Also, the on-line, real-time operational data that ERP systems enable managers to make better decisions and improve responsiveness to customer needs (Gyampah, 2004). There is evidence that organizations are satisfied with ERP. Based upon a sample of 117 firms in 17 countries, the Conference Board reports that 34% of the organizations were satisfied with ERP, 58% were somewhat satisfied, 7% were somewhat unsatisfied, and only 1% were unsatisfied (Al-Mashari, M., Zairi, M., 2009). Organizations have a business justification for implementing ERP systems. The business benefits of ERP include improved accessibility of information, real time access to data across the organization, improved cycle time for orders, decreased financial closing time, reduced operating costs, and lowered inventory levels. In addition ERP systems provide an opportunity to re-align business processes with best practices and to integrate enterprise-wide information supporting financial, human resources, manufacturing, sales and marketing functions. Evolution of ERP It was in the Sixties that the concept of resource planning was first introduced by software packages that dealt with inventory control capability. Material Requirements Planning (MRP) systems were later introduced in 1970s and these contained a master production schedule and a bill of materials file with list of materials needed to produce each item. MRP systems were enhanced by adding tools for sales planning, customer order processing and capacity planning that provided input production scheduling, known as closed loop MRP. In the 1980s, MRPII systems incorporated financial accounting system along with manufacturing and materials management systems. MRPII led to an integrated business system that was used to create a database of material and capacity requirements for production and this system then translated these requirements into financial information. By 1990s ERP systems provided seamless integration of all information flows in the company- Financial Accounting, Human Resources, Supply Chain Management and Customer Information (Rondeau Litteral, 2001). Challenges of ERP System ERP system projects involve considerable time and cost not only in terms of investment but also for realization of benefits from their implementation. Research by Standish Group illustrates that 90% of ERP projects are late over budget. Meta Group survey data, based on 63 companies, showed that average implementation cost of ERP was $ 10.6 million and took 23 months to complete (K. Siau, 2004). A successful implementation of ERP requires a multi-stage approach (Jones M. and Price L., 2004), and the benefits of ERP may not occur until later stages. Jones et al., propose three stages: the project phase, the shakedown phase, and onward and upward phase. ERP software is introduced during project phase and is implemented into firms operations during shakedown phase. It is not until onward and upward phase, during which ERP modules are successfully integrated with operations, that the organization can achieve actual business results, such as inventory reduction (Motwani et al., 2002). However, Spathis et al. identify four phases for implementation of the same. The phases are: a planning phase, a re-engineering phase, a design phase, and a configuration and testing phase (Spathis et al., 2003). They indicate that re-engineering business practices around the ERP software is critical to successful implementation. In their stage analysis, Rondeau et al. (2001) suggest benefits of ERP occur when ERP modules are implemented successfully and when organizations can use the ERP foundation to add advance modules such as customer relationship management. A company has to make sure that its ERP investment fetches increased profitability. The key challenge is not in managing technology, but in managing people. An ERP system changes the way people work, and for the system to be effective, the change must be dramatic. It promotes efficient business processes with the requirement of fewer people than before ERP implementation or up-gradation. This implies that some employees will be asked either to change their day-to-day activities or their services would no longer be needed. Managing human behavior aspects of organizational change also known as organizational change management (OCM) cannot be underestimated in importance of this part of the implementation process. One of the keys to managing OCM is to realize that people tend to defy changes associated with their work related activities. If the ERP implementation is a project that is being forced on the employees, then they will instinctively resist it. However, if it is viewed as a chance to make the company more efficient and effective by improving business process, and consequently these process improvements will make the company more profitable and ensure job security to employees, then there is a greater likelihood that the employees will wholeheartedly support the implementation efforts. The best way to improve a business process is to delegate the task to develop process improvement ideas to people who are most familiar with the process using their experience and creativity. Sometimes, a company is not ready for ERP. In many cases, ERP implementation difficulties result when management does not fully understand its current business processes and cannot make implementation decisions in time . In order to obtain benefits from an ERP system resulting in reduction of costs needs an organization to streamline its business processes. However, if a company is not prepared to change its business process es, it will find a large bill for software and consulting fees with no improvement in organizational performance. ERP packages imply, by their design, a way of doing business, and they require users to follow that way of doing business. Some of business operations, and some segments of its operations, may not match the constraints inherent in ERP. Therefore, it is imperative for a business to analyze its business strategy, organization, culture and operations before choosing an ERP approach. Review of Literature Companies implement Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in order to achieve better responsiveness to the needs of customers through real-time information provided by the system, to link customers and suppliers into a complete supply chain, to provide high degree of cross functional integration, to reduce the costs and to provide the foundation for effective e-commerce (Vollmann et al., 2005). The pressure to survive in the new world order and align with the new paradigm for organizational success, namely, speed, flexibility, integration and innovation, further drives organizations towards adopting integrative software approaches like ERP. It is also a well known fact that information technology affects the organization structure (Bhattacherjee, 2000). Hence, ERP implementation would impact the structure, but this impact has not been elaborately investigated. It is often supposed that IT creates a flatter structure (Stevens, 1998). The flat structure speeds up decision-making p rocess, shortens lines of communication and aids in savings (Klein, 2001). ERP implementation benefits are not realized quickly as expected and the process is lengthy and expensive (Siau, 2004). Many organizations world over and particularly in the fast developing countries are traditional hierarchies and managing changes in structure offering challenges. As ERP implementation is an enterprise wide venture of change.It is important to understand how to manage impact on the organization structure. Two research objectives were central to this research project. ERP implementation influences the structure of the organization. Management of the change to the new structure. This paper is an attempt to examine the ERP implementation experience in a company. It drew on Organization Theory and Change Management theory to understand the transition between structures and to provide the explanations (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004). ERP represents a comprehensive software approach and information technology effects on the organization structure (Kurup, 2004) and ERP implementation success involves change management of techniques, the change management theory (Paton and McCalman, 2004) prove useful in explaining the outcomes of the case study . IT and Organization Structure The organization structure defines how the tasks are to be allocated, who reports to whom and the formal coordinating mechanisms and interaction patters that will be followed (Robbin, 1990). Organization structure has three components: Complexity, Formalization and Centralization. These components are described below and impact of IT on these components is expressed and applied to case analysis to aid in investigation of the influence of ERP on organization structure. Complexity Complexity refers to the degree of differentiation that exists within an organization. This includes the degree of specialization or division of labour, the number of levels in the organizations hierarchy, and the extent to which the organizations units are dispersed geographically (Klein, 2001). With introduction of this component of organization structure, it is possible to have wider span of control with more knowledgeable and empowered employees. Companies with IT can reduce the middle management layers and widen span of control and thereby flatten the organization structure. However, removing layers might create new challenges. New mechanisms for coordination might be needed or new process of governance might be necessary. According to the model proposed by Klein (2001), IT results in wider spans of control, fewer levels, fewer people, easier collaboration and communication. In other words, IT lowers the complexity. Formalization Formalization refers to the degree to which an organization relies on rules and procedures to direct behavior of employees. Evidence exists to indicate that developing detailed guidelines of appropriate operating procedures enhances coordination and is suitable in a stable environment (Martin, 2009). Formalization, however, is negatively associated with adoption and implementation of innovation in organizations (Ahadi, 2004) and hence it is negatively related to the ERP implementation because it tends to boast deleterious effects on the work attitudes. Centralization The decisional control in organization could be centralized or decentralized. In traditional hierarchies the decisional control is usually centralized. Research indicates that IT tends to make the decisional control more decentralized with no commensurate loss of control by the top management (Robbin, 1990). It is possible that the centralization component is related to the size of middle management although there are conflicting findings. IT results in a decrease in the size of the middle management workforce in organizations with centralized decision authority and with an increase in the number of middle managers in organizations where the authority is decentralized. Change Management The change management when linked to ERP implementation has been more focused on process change (Davison, 2002). The other type of change namely organizational restructuring provides specifics related to moving from one structure to another. The objective of restructuring is based on the companys long-range plan and the intention is to set up a structure that enables a company to be ready for new activities. However, changing an organizations structure can be difficult and successful restructuring depends on three conditions: sound planning, effective leadership and organizational commitment (Witzel, 2002). To examine organizational change in a traditional hierarchical organization, consideration is given to: Human element and informal organization. Necessity of strong management actions and inspirational vision. Sustainability of an initiative. None of available models considers all the three aspects. Informal Organization INPUT Strategy Formal OUTPUT Resources, Organization Individual Environment team, Performance Managing Change Transformation Process Figure -1 In traditional organizations, manager had to solve problems by directly communicating with the employees and was related to power and values. However, in ERP implementation much of the learning process comes from hands on use under normal operating conditions after the implementation period is over. Thus power is then transfered to individuals who are able to operate the ERP system better and utilize Work People the system resources efficiently (Aladwani, 2009). ERP affect on nature of work and training is an important part of change management practices. ERP requires users to understand that they are no longer working in isolation, and whatever they do now impacts someone else. This can create resistance that comes from a fear of the unknown and from the need of stability. There are two fundamental sources of resistance to innovations like ERP: perceived Risk and Habit. The habit of keeping the routine practices prevalent in hierarchies has to be tackled using appropriate strategies. Spathis and Constantinides (2003) have proposed a planned change model and this model assumes that change can be defined and moved in a planned way. Unlike other planning models, the four phases suggested in this model are linear and irreversible. This model satisfies the requirement of well-controlled change and strong management actions. Four phases that have been suggested are: Exploration, Planning, Action and Integration. Implementation of ERP Information technology leads to a tremendous impact on productivity of both manufacturing and service organizations. Companies have implemented systems such as enterprise resource planning (ERP), MRP, EDI, over time for improving their productivity. ERP systems have received attention lately due to more effective decision-making capability. Many companies are implementing ERP as a means to reducing operating costs, increasing productivity and improving customer services (Martin, 2009; Pliskin and Zarotski, 2000). ERP system can cripple a company, if not implemented properly. There are horror stories concerning implementations gone astray (Laughlin, 1999; Bancroft et al., 1998). Implementing ERP system successfully calls for strong leadership, a clear implementation plan, and a constant watch on the budget (Wagle, 2008). From a project managers point of view, most important consideration is a clear implementation plan and a strategy, that should evolve through systematic consideration of companys requirements and its ability to manage changes called for under new circumstances. Some of the factors to be considered seriously at planning stage are: Information needs at the operational and managerial level for various functional areas. Feasibility of ERP system integration with the existing information systems Schedule for adaptation of the new system. An organization requires development of an implementation strategy. Such a strategy, will determine how the related changes can be successfully absorbed at various parts of the organization. It has been found that the organizations that had no SAP implementation strategic plan performed poorly compared to those who had a plan. ERP implementation from countries around the world demonstrates that success is essentially conditional on adequately managing complex context of the implementation, which necessitates change management across various key areas related to business processes, IT structure, and management systems (Al-Mashari and Zairi, 2009). This highlights practical issues associated with the implementation of ERP systems. For successful implementation three basic requirements are to be met: a clear business objective, comprehension of the nature of changes and understanding of the project risk. Strong leadership and constant watch on budget are the two other, yet equally significant requirements, as stressed by Wagle (2008). For an effective implementation of ERP system, particularly SAP R/3, an organization must take a holistic view of the process (Al-Mashari and Zairi, 2009). Various issues at strategic, managerial, and operational levels should be addressed in order to achieve optimum outcomes from an ERP system. For a successful outcome an organization must establish competencies in four core areas: Change Strategy development and deployment, Enterprise-wide Project Management, BPR integration with IT, and technical aspects of ERP installation. These competencies will enable managers to effectively manage changes and direct the organization to desired goals (see Fig.2). Fig. 2. Core competencies in effective implementation of ERP (adopted from Al-Mashari and Zairi 2009). Change management Strategy Changes in an organization are brought about through implementation of strategies. Kuruppuarachchi et al. (2002) examined the success (and failure) factors and implementation methodologies that contribute to change management strategy formulation in organizations. Fig. 3 presents a framework of the change management process, incorporating change agents and strategic considerations at various stages of ERP implementation, when viewed from an IT project implementation point of view. Meyers et al. (2009) analyzed about 130 research papers to find out factors influencing the implementation of new technologies for improved operational efficiencies. They classified implementation success factors as buyers characteristics, seller characteristics, buyer-seller interface, and environment. These factors are listed below: Human resources: greater education and training among personnel; positive motivation, attitudes, and commitment toward the innovation. Structure: an adaptive and flexible structure; strong communications mechanism and net work across structural boundaries. Decision processes: broad strategic, as opposed to narrowly and earlier involvement of technical goals; greater and earlier involvement of the operational workforce; top management support and commitment and the presence of a champion; cooperation among units; slow, gradual radical incorporation of the innovation. Technology fit: familiarity with the new technology and availability of relevant skills within the organization. Higher level of technical capabilities of the seller. Strong communications skills of the seller. Expertise in project management of the seller. Constructive cooperation between buyer and seller in implementation. Knowledge transfer: the buyer is involved in leaning, diagnosing, and shaping usage patterns of the buyer. Intensive networking within and across industries leading to greater exposure to innovations. Fig.3. Change management considerations (Source: Kuruppuarachchi et al., 2002). Case Study -I Pantaloon: ERP in Retail More than eight years after it forayed into the retail business, Pantaloon Retail decided to implement SAP to keep itself competitive in the rapidly growing Indian retail market. Store operations have never been as important to retailers as they were then. Successful retailers are those who know that the battle for customers is only won at the frontline, which in the case of a retail chain is at its stores. Pantaloon was regularly opening stores in metros and there was an urgent need for a reliable enterprise wide application to help run its business effectively. The basic need was to have a robust transaction management system and an enterprise wide platform to run the operations, says Rakesh Biyani, Director, Pantaloon. The Solution The company was looking for a solution that would bring all its businesses and processes together. After a comprehensive evaluation of different options and software companies, the management at Pantaloon decided to go in for SAP. Some of the qualities of SAP retail solutions are that it supports product development, which includes ideation, trend analysis, and collaboration with partners in the supply chain; sourcing and procurement, which involves working with manufacturers to fulfill order according to strategic merchandising plans and optimize cost, quality, and speed-variables that must be weighted differently as business needs, buying plans, and market demand patterns change; managing the supply chain, which involves handling the logistics of moving finished good from the source into stores and overseeing global trade and procurement requirements; selling goods across a variety of channels to customers, which requires marketing and brand management; managing mark-downs and capt uring customer reactions, analyzing data, and using it to optimize the next phase of the design process. In a Nutshell Aim To deploy a robust transaction management system and an enterprise wide platform to run its operations. Solution SAP retail solution Implemented by SAP team with the help of Novasoft, Singapore Number of users Around 1,200 Time taken About six months Cost of implementation A $ 10 million Implementation The implementation was outsourced to a third party. The implementation was done by the SAP team with help of Novasoft which is based at Singapore, says Core Team Member. This project was headed by Pantaloons Chief Information Technology Officer, Chinar Deshpande. Some people from Pantaloon assisted in the project and twenty four qualified people worked on the SAP implementation. Three Phases SAP implementation in Pantaloon was not a single phase process. The project was divided into three phases. The first phase of implementation involved blueprinting of existing processes and mapping them to the desired state. In this phase, the entire project team worked on current processes within Pantaloon Retail. The various existing processes were thoroughly analyzed and drafted. This blueprint was later used in the formation of new states of the solution. Since the SAP would combine all the processes, each and every one of these had to be evaluated. In the second phase, the SAP platform was developed with the help of Novasofts template which was predefined by SAP after evaluation of Pantaloons needs and expertise in retail solutions. The last phase in this project was for stores to switch over to the new system and for current data to be ported. Before the SAP implementation, all the data was unorganized. This data had to be migrated to the new SAP application. The project was flagged off on 15th June 2005 and took about six months to finish. It went live at the head office on 1st January 2006. The Pantaloon Retail stores used SAP from 1st January 2006 to 30th June 2006. Benefits and Challenges The key challenges in this project were not in the implementation. Rather, the difficulties were faced during the data migration and in managing the interim period when the project was underway for about six months. Migrating unorganized data to an organized format was a challenging task. SAP General Ledger gives Pantaloon a higher level of transparency into individual operations and helps it continually drive productivity improvements across the enterprise. For example, Pantaloon can now automatically split accounting line items per document for each company profit center. These transactions are handled by the software,and the company no longer needs to make period adjustments to balance sheet and profit and loss statements. With the document splitting tool, Pantaloon now has a real-time, complete picture of its accounts receivables and payables across all operational levels, which has enabled it to reduce receivables by up to 10%. In addition, it is now able to close the monthly books 20% faster, due to tight integration between financials and controlling components and real-time reconciliation capabilities. The application is currently being used by around 1,200 employees across the organization. For maintaining this implementation and its related applications, Pantaloon has an in-house team and it has outsourced ABAP resources. ERP system relied greatly on this in-house team for training its employees (at every level) and extracting benefits from ERP. The system runs on a HP Superdome server on HP UNIX 11 and the database is from Oracle. The cost of this project was about $ 10 million. Future projects After the successful implementation of SAP for its retail chain, Pantaloon plans to go ahead with IT projects such as implementation of WMS with RFID, Customer Intelligence and CRM. Inventory and Promotions Optimization are being pursued. Case Study II Ace Designers Ltd. ERP reduces manufacturing costs by 20% for Industrial Equipment manufacturer Overview Since 1987, Ace Designers Limited, Indias manufacturer of CNC lathes and auto lathes, has been exporting machines around the world, including Brazil, Germany, United Kingdom and the United States. With growth, their largely manual systems started breaking down. They had no centralized purchasing department and means of sharing information, so company groups were paying different amounts for the same parts from the same vendor. Delivery dates were missed because of a lack of inventory control, and top management had little visibility to manufacturing process. The Challenge Ace needed a complete information system built around an ERP solution that would help manage every aspect of their manufacturing process-from purchasing and inventory to manufacturing, planning and preparing for ISO certification. The Solution Ace commissioned a comprehensive survey of the ERP market and Intuitive was selected for four major reasons: A 100 percent Microsoft platform, an easy-to-use graphical interface, excellent support, and scalable open architecture features that permitted the addition of users at any time. The consultants who evaluated Intuitive ERP and its competitors for ACE Designers concluded: Intuitive ERP is easy to install, interface, customize and maintain. It can be integrated seamlessly into any manufacturing environment and has a good scheduling flexibility and versatile options. It also has a definite ISO 9000 facilitation orientation. Ace Designers Results Ace started module wise implementation of Intuitive ERP in four phases, which were completed in four months. Intuitive ERPs graphical interface and integration with Microsoft Office and Access made it easy for Aces staff, which prior to this had virtually no computer experience, to learn and use the new system. And using Microsoft SQL Server as the database engine delivered speed and robustness necessary for their mission critical applications. Hence, employees support was a crucial factor that added to achievement of success in ERP implementation in the organization. We transformed the company from a practically nil computer culture to a total computerized system, said V. Chandra, General Manager of Ace. The learning curve for Intuitive ERP is reduced to well below that of other manufacturing systems because of graphical and interactive flow charts and complete context sensitive online help. Implementing Intuitive ERP led to dramatic improvements in every operational area: Managers now have the most current inventory and costing models available to them at all times, and they can set competitive pricing that ensures profitability. They are able to monitor online status of work orders for components, sub-assemblies and final assemblies. Improved Planning: With the previous manual planning system, it was difficult to coordinate customer requirements and design changes with production and assembly functions to meet the manufacturing schedule. Now there is seamless coordination between all departments while significantly reducing planning headcount. Prior to Intuitive ERP, there had been virtually no inventory management at Ace; information on non-moving or slow-moving items and stock values was not available. With new tools in place, manufacturing inventory has been reduced by 20 percent. With reports such as Purchase Price Variance, there is visibility of the cost of every purchased item. This has resulted in better price negotiation with suppliers resulting in a 20 percent price reduction. Intuitive ERP provides accurate data for making manufacturing decisions through reports that include online machine utilization, online work order status monitoring, online WIP components costing, online WIP sub-assembly costing and online labor utilization. Case Study III ERP Implementation Failure at HP Stanford engineers Bill Hewlett and David Packard started HP in California in 1938 as an electronic instruments company. Its first product was a resistance-capacity audio oscillator, an electronic instrument used to test sound equipment. During the 1940s, HPs products rapidly gained acceptance among engineers and scientists. HPs growth was aided by heavy purchases made by US government during the Second World War. In the 1980s, HP emerged as a major player in the computer industry, offering a full range of computers from desktop machines to powerful minicomputers. This decade saw the development of successful products like the Inkjet and LaserJet printers. HP introduced its first personal computer (PC) in 1981, followed by an electronic mail system in1982. This was first major wide-area commercial network that was based on a minicomputer. HP introduced its HP 9000 computer with 32-bit super chip. HP became leader in workstations with the purchase of market leader, Apollo Computers, in 1989. In August 2004, HP announced that its revenues for the third quarter and it was identified that its Enterprise Servers and Storage (ESS) segment had gone down by 5% (amounting $ 3.4 billion) as compared to the same quarter the previous year. The company attributed this revenue shortfall mainly to the problems faced because of migration to a centralized ERP system at one of its North American divisions. The total financial impact of the failure including backlogs and lost revenue was pegged at $ 16

Origins of World War 1

September 5, 2011 Origins of World War 1: Compare and Contrast During the twentieth century Europe seemed to enjoy a period of peace and progress. But below the surface several forces were at the work and would lead Europe into the Great War. World War 1 was the mayor conflict that made its appearance in the beginning of the twentieth century. As we read in â€Å"The origins of the first World War† by Ruth Heing and in â€Å"The Iron Dice: World War 1† by John G. Stoessinger, World War 1 began in 1914 it had many countries involved but not all of them entered at the same time. At the beginning of this war there were two sides to choose from. The triple entente that was unified by Great Britain, France and Russia; Later called the Allied Powers and also they included Italy. The other Alliance was the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Italy; later on called the Central Powers whom instead of Italy who had join the Allied Powers, Turkey join this alliance. Although both chapters attempt to explain the origins of World War 1 they differ in various aspects. In the Reading â€Å"The origins of the first World War† by Ruth Henig, it is stated that cause of the war was the system. The system that was managed before the war was conformed by MAIN; which stands for, Militarism: Every country in Europe except for Great Britain had conscription, which means that every men over 18 years old should register for the army; The conscription plan resulted because as the time was going by all of the countries in Europe had a great growth in their military power; Also they were working on arms race, which means that they were developing new arms, the country that was the most benefit was Germany. MAIN also stands for Alliances: Alliances were a key concept because the alliances began the conflict in Sarajevo, if it weren’t because they had a close relationship with Germany this conflict would have been local, therefore Russia and Germany and later on France and Great Britain would had not participate. There would not have been a world war. The third letter in MAIN stands for Imperialism early twentieth century saw a great deal of colonization of Asia and Africa by European powers, each trying to colonize this lands. These colonies funded a great part of the ruling countries’ economies and expansion became necessary and desirable to advance the glory and the wealth of each European power. The last concept N stands for Nationalism, which means the identity that the government or the rulers created towards their population so they were proud of their country and wanted to fight for them. Through out the reading of â€Å"The Iron Dice: World War 1† by John G. Stoessinger, we are able to appreciate that it perfectly explains that the causes of world war 1 were attributed to the people in control. It perfectly examples that the lack of self-confidence in the leaders, the wrong perception on their adversary and specially the lack of empathy that was based on personal decisions, not based on facts but fears were the causes of the war. The reading is perfectly stating it in the following quote: â€Å"The Kaiser was indeed to blame. His flaw was both moral and political, for his form of loyalty demanded sacrifice beyond himself. It offered up the German nation, and it emboldened the senile monarchy of Austria-Hungary o take a desperate gamble†¦. What is closer to the truth is that he permitted other to rattle and ultimately use the saber for him†(p. 4-5). The lack of self-confidence is stated in the last sentence, he preferred that other people made decisions; it also states that he offered up the German nation because Archduke Franz-Ferdinand was a close friend. Between these two chapters we can distinguish that both chapters state that the fault of the origins of war was of Germany. In the second reading we can see this in the following quote: â€Å"succumbed to a power he had not reckoned with: the power of Fate; had not been for that, the war would never have started† (p. 4); and it is also clearly shown on the first reading when it is stated that if it weren’t for Germany who intervene in the conflict of Sarajevo, therefore there wouldn’t exist a war. There are not many similarities between these two texts, but different perspectives of presenting the information. In these two chapters it is clearly marked that the contrast between each other relies on the justification they give to the origins of war; the points of view stated in each chapter are related to different points of view. In the first reading â€Å"The origins of the first World War† by Ruth Henig it is clearly marked that the problem was the system failure. And as it is stated in the second reading â€Å"The Iron Dice: World War 1† by John G. Stoessinger, â€Å"Mortals made these decisions. They made them in fear and in trembling, but they made them nonetheless. We can infer that in this reading the ones to blame are the ones that were in control of the country: the leaders. Another difference between these two chapters is how the information is managed in the first reading the type of writing is strictly informative and in the second lecture it is more like a critique as we can see in the quotes that are stated in paragraphs before. In the second reading it is show n the relationship between leaders in a level where they interacted and send telegrams to each other; which it is not shown in the first reading. In conclusion I find more interesting the contrast between these two readings because that is the whole point of history; Specially in the causes (origins) of war can and must be shown from different perspectives. The reading I found more accurate through the reading is â€Å"The Iron Dice: World War 1† by John G. Stoessinger, because in my opinion the ones who have control of the system are the â€Å"mortals†, therefore they had in their hands the power to debilitate the system and stop the war from happening. Even if the system (MAIN) went out of control the ones how had the decisions to stop it in there hands where the leaders.

Deere and Co. Swot Analysis

DeVry University Pomona, California Swot Analysis of John Deere Symbol on NYSE : DE By Eduardo Elizarraras 11307 Spy Glass Hill Road, Whittier, CA 90601 626-246-4747 [email  protected] com Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements for Introduction to Business BUSN 115 Professor Tom Donini March 21, 2010 Company Profile John Deere (Deere & Company — NYSE: DE) is a world leader in providing technologically advanced machinery for agriculture, forestry, construction, lawn and turf care, and all sorts of landscaping. John Deere also provides financial services worldwide.Deere & Company as it is known on the New York Stock Exchange manufactures and markets heavy machinery and engines used in heavy equipment. The company was founded by a blacksmith named John Deere. John Deere moved from Vermont to Illinois and immediately set up a blacksmith shop in 1837. John Deere developed a better plow for the tougher soil found in the Midwest and from there John Deere was es tablished. Today John Deere Construction & Forestry produces more than 120 machine models and distributes its construction, forestry and worksite products through a network of more than 1,300 dealer locations worldwide.The company employs more than 50,000 people worldwide. John Deere’s Mission Statement as listed on their homepage website. It is listed as a Strategy Statement. We aspire to distinctively serve customers — those linked to the land — through a great business, a business as great as our products. To achieve this aspiration, our strategy is:   * Exceptional operating performance * Disciplined SVA growth * Aligned high-performance teamwork   Execution of this strategy creates the distinctive John  Deere Experience that ultimately propels a great business and, for all with a stake in our success, delivers†¦Performance That Endures   SWOT Analysis of John Deere Strengths * Highly recognized and respected brand * Market dominance for heavy e quipment and machinery| Weaknesses * High prices * Less profit in non agricultural products| Opportunities * John Deere Credit * Wind Technology Portfolio| Threats * Caterpillar * Weaker economies worldwide * Seasonal Business of agriculture| Company Strengths Highly recognized and respected brand John Deere has established itself as the leader in agricultural products worldwide since the 1960s.John Deere green has become a color. Easy to recognize and distinguish itself from the competition. Marketing slogan on television commercials effectively ties in the logo with the company, â€Å"Nothing runs like a Deere†. According to Encyclopedia Brittanica Online there was a surge in tractor sales in Ireland in 2006 and the sales leader was John Deere. This leadership in sales demonstrates the market dominance of the John Deere brand. Company Weaknesses High Prices/Less profit in non agricultural products John Deere tractors and other equipment are generally priced higher than othe r quipment. John Deere brand pressure washers at Lowe’s Home Improvement Warehouse costs 30 to 50 percent more than Troy Built brand pressure washers.Lawn tractors and lawnmowers also command a price premium over the competition. The brand has become more expensive only because it is John Deere. Similar performance and similar specifications for products with only difference being price has caused a lot of buyers to opt for the lower cost brand. Products that are not related to agriculture and can be substituted with a lower cost rand has lead to lower sales in those areas. If a customer really needs something and it does not have to match his green tractor then they will probably buy the lower cost item. This has led to less profit in non agricultural products. Opportunities John Deere Credit/ Wind Technology Offering clients loans directly through John Deere Credit has increased revenue for the company. Financing of expensive farm equipment contributes extra income to John Deere Credit. The tractors and combines that farmers buy are very expensive, a new combine can cost in excess of $200,00. 00.Customers who buy the machinery don’t have to go to their bank. They can usually get better finance rates through John Deere Credit. This eliminates third party financing and increases the bottom line for John Deere. According to cnn. com/money John Deere has hired Goldman Sachs Group this past month, February 25, 2010, to conduct a review of the wind farms that the company owns. A possible sale of the wind farm portfolio could earn John Deere about 1 Billion dollars. Threats Caterpillar/Weaker Economy/Seasonal Business Caterpillar manufactures heavy construction equipment.They do not build agricultural tractors but they do build a lot of bulldozers and backhoes that are used in general construction. Some heavy equipment that both John Deere and Caterpillar build for construction is similar in specifications. Some forestry machinery is also very similar . This could be seen as a threat to compete for limited budgets that would purchase heavy construction equipment if Caterpillar has lowers prices and offers rebates. Weaker economies not just in America but worldwide have slowed the purchases of heavy machinery.This has led to some consolidation and less sales. Another threat to John Deere is the seasonal nature of the agricultural business. Combines are not harvesting daily. They only work when the crops are ready to be harvested. Tractors only plow and seed in the beginning of the growing season. Conclusion John Deere, Deer and Company is the world leader in tractor sales. They have expanded into a lot of different countries. I think that by offering rebates when buying some of their products or when buying more than one product, they can turn their high price eakness to be more of a strength because they will not only sell more but sell more to the same customers. I believe that given the opportunity I would enjoy working at John Deere. The company has been around for almost two hundred years. The products that they manufacture can be seen as soon as one drives south, east, west or north of our urban living area. In some parts of our urban area they can be seen working in strawberry fields and lettuce patches. I personally have always enjoyed watching how these marvelous machines work and provide food for our enjoyment and survival.Reference Attou, Marti â€Å"American Innovator,Agricultural Icon† http://www. americanprofile. com/article/4689. html http://www. deere. com/en_US/compinfo/history/johndeerestory. html â€Å"John Deere† March 2010 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/John_Deere Malone, Scott â€Å"Deere Considers sale of $1 bln wind portfolio† money. cnn. com February 25,2010 http://money. cnn. c om/news/newsfeeds/articles/reuters/MTFH66898_2010-02-25_16-12-43_N2598967. htm O’keefe, Matt â€Å"Irish Farmers Monthly† January 2007 http://www. britannica. com/bps/additi onalcontent/18/24655786/Best-year-ever-for-tractor-sales